the GDR until 1973
The last years of the era Ulbricht and the first years under Honecker in the GDR a time of political and economic stabilization. The SED is it possible to consolidate their regime. The new constitution of 1968 brings the leadership of the SED clearly expressed and describes the actual power relations more clearly than the Constitution of 1949. Also stressed the new constitution, the state Independence of the GDR, which is called a "socialist state of the German nation." The SED is therefore deliberately excluded from the West German policy, which adheres to the goal of reunification.
own ways is treading the GDR with the "Law on citizenship of the GDR " which terminates the single German citizenship. The SED theory of the development of an independent socialist nation in the GDR, however, rejected by the Federal Republic. The promoted especially by integrating deferred price of DDR is, however, more and more the efforts of the Soviet Union to relax through. Ulbricht as the early 70s, tried the new Ostpolitik to block the socialist-liberal coalition, he was replaced in May 1971. The
marked the beginning of the Honecker era 1971 a new chapter in the history of the GDR. Under Honecker, the SED fits return unconditionally to the Soviet leadership and strives to increase the "material and cultural living standard of the people". The Eighth Congress of the SED decided in June 1971 the "unity of economic and social policy" and provides new benefits in view. Despite economic success, however, remain the standard of living and quality of products in the East far behind that of western Germany.
The rise in world prices in the 70s burden on the economy of the GDR difficult. In particular, the payment obligations to the west are more oppressive. With the establishment of a range Commercial Coordination (KoKo) in the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the GDR tried to counter the growing foreign debt. But even the sometimes dubious business of international coordination commercials do not stop the chronic Devisennot the GDR.
first time since the Berlin Wall allowed to visit their relatives back in West Berlin in the east. New emphasis in the Ostpolitik is also trying to put the grand coalition . 1967/68, establishing diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia and Romania agreed.
The intention of Western integration now can at last follow progress in the east, forms the basis of the social-liberal coalition . Chancellor Willy Brandt and Foreign Minister Walter Scheel want to adjust the Bonn's foreign policy to the international expansion and reduce the resulting between the two German states fractures. Therefore, they provide according to the Germany of Brandt's political adviser Egon Bahr in 1963 developed concept of "change through rapprochement" on the sole representative claim and acknowledge the existence of the GDR. Then in Erfurt and Kassel first time in 1970 instead of intra-German summit .
Shortly after the inauguration of the Brandt government take Egon Bahr, now Secretary of State in the Chancellery, and the Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko on (1909-1989), the first exploratory talks on a non-aggression agreement. In August and December 1970 agreements signed by Moscow and Warsaw meet with fierce resistance from the CDU / CSU opposition in the Bundestag . Due to the very narrow majority relations, the Union attempted, the Brandt / Scheel, before the vote on the treaties with the East by a vote of no confidence overthrow. Although this attempt fails in the end not quite defined circumstances, Now the social-liberal coalition lost its majority. It is thus of early elections. From the federal election on 19 November 1972 go SPD and FDP emerged stronger.
After Bonn has accepted in the treaties of Moscow and Warsaw, the status quo in Europe, the USSR recognized the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin the situation in and around the divided city. The agreement signed in September 1971 is also the framework for further German-German negotiations. With the basic treaty of 21 December 1972 to take the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR official ties to one another. The Federal Republic but avoids the recognition in international law of the communist state. Although this is not a complete normalization of the German-German relations is possible, but the relationships are increasingly less inhibited. The conclusion of the "new Ostpolitik" is the Treaty of Prague of 11 December 1973.
own ways is treading the GDR with the "Law on citizenship of the GDR " which terminates the single German citizenship. The SED theory of the development of an independent socialist nation in the GDR, however, rejected by the Federal Republic. The promoted especially by integrating deferred price of DDR is, however, more and more the efforts of the Soviet Union to relax through. Ulbricht as the early 70s, tried the new Ostpolitik to block the socialist-liberal coalition, he was replaced in May 1971. The
marked the beginning of the Honecker era 1971 a new chapter in the history of the GDR. Under Honecker, the SED fits return unconditionally to the Soviet leadership and strives to increase the "material and cultural living standard of the people". The Eighth Congress of the SED decided in June 1971 the "unity of economic and social policy" and provides new benefits in view. Despite economic success, however, remain the standard of living and quality of products in the East far behind that of western Germany.
The rise in world prices in the 70s burden on the economy of the GDR difficult. In particular, the payment obligations to the west are more oppressive. With the establishment of a range Commercial Coordination (KoKo) in the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the GDR tried to counter the growing foreign debt. But even the sometimes dubious business of international coordination commercials do not stop the chronic Devisennot the GDR.
first time since the Berlin Wall allowed to visit their relatives back in West Berlin in the east. New emphasis in the Ostpolitik is also trying to put the grand coalition . 1967/68, establishing diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia and Romania agreed.
The intention of Western integration now can at last follow progress in the east, forms the basis of the social-liberal coalition . Chancellor Willy Brandt and Foreign Minister Walter Scheel want to adjust the Bonn's foreign policy to the international expansion and reduce the resulting between the two German states fractures. Therefore, they provide according to the Germany of Brandt's political adviser Egon Bahr in 1963 developed concept of "change through rapprochement" on the sole representative claim and acknowledge the existence of the GDR. Then in Erfurt and Kassel first time in 1970 instead of intra-German summit .
Shortly after the inauguration of the Brandt government take Egon Bahr, now Secretary of State in the Chancellery, and the Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko on (1909-1989), the first exploratory talks on a non-aggression agreement. In August and December 1970 agreements signed by Moscow and Warsaw meet with fierce resistance from the CDU / CSU opposition in the Bundestag . Due to the very narrow majority relations, the Union attempted, the Brandt / Scheel, before the vote on the treaties with the East by a vote of no confidence overthrow. Although this attempt fails in the end not quite defined circumstances, Now the social-liberal coalition lost its majority. It is thus of early elections. From the federal election on 19 November 1972 go SPD and FDP emerged stronger.
After Bonn has accepted in the treaties of Moscow and Warsaw, the status quo in Europe, the USSR recognized the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin the situation in and around the divided city. The agreement signed in September 1971 is also the framework for further German-German negotiations. With the basic treaty of 21 December 1972 to take the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR official ties to one another. The Federal Republic but avoids the recognition in international law of the communist state. Although this is not a complete normalization of the German-German relations is possible, but the relationships are increasingly less inhibited. The conclusion of the "new Ostpolitik" is the Treaty of Prague of 11 December 1973.
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